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Immigrant key workers: their contribution to Europe's COVID-19 response

This note describes the contribution of migrant workers to the ongoing effort to keep basic services running in the... Show more
This note describes the contribution of migrant workers to the ongoing effort to keep basic services running in the [European] Union during the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 epidemic. We quantify the prevalence of migrant workers in the so called 'key professions' that the Commission and Member States have identified using the most recent wave of the EU Labour Force Survey. Our results show that migrant 'key workers' are essential for critical functions in European societies.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Fasani, Francesco; Mazza, Jacopo

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA policy paper

Subjects: Employment; Labour market; Migration
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A vulnerable workforce: migrant workers in the COVID-19 pandemic

This report analyses the labour conditions of migrant workers in the EU in the context of the [Coronavirus Disease ... Show more
This report analyses the labour conditions of migrant workers in the EU in the context of the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 epidemic. By looking at the prevalence of temporary contracts, the position in the income distribution and the likelihood that jobs can be conducted from home for both key and non-key migrant workers, it highlights the potential and distinct vulnerabilities for these two groups. Foreign born workers - especially Extra-EU migrants - are at a disadvantage in all three dimensions: they are more likely to be in temporary employment, earn lower wages and have jobs that are less amenable to teleworking. The report concludes by identifying possible areas of policy intervention to address these vulnerabilities.
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Authors: Fasani, Francesco; Mazza, Jacopo

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: JRC technical report

Subjects: Migration; Labour market; Disadvantaged
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Meeting labour demand in agriculture in times of COVID 19 pandemic

Member States affected by the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 pandemic have often resorted to shelter in place ... Show more
Member States affected by the [Coronavirus Disease 2019] COVID-19 pandemic have often resorted to shelter in place orders to stop the virus from spreading widely. These orders have affected many economic activities, but are designed to prevent a shutdown of those essential activities that are meant to keep the population safe and fed. Agriculture is one of those sectors that needs to be kept functional, but mobility restrictions have kept seasonal temporary workers, which this sector has grown reliant on, from reaching their workplace curbing the productivity of this essential sector. This report analyses the potential for the agriculture sector to replace the seasonal workers who are prevented by shelter in place orders from reaching their usual place of work with EU native born workforce. Looking at labour market flows into agriculture in the past decade, this report finds that the probabilities of flows in agriculture are low. Movers into agriculture are mostly migrant men older than 19 living in a rural area and with low qualification. After analysing recent labour market trends, the report concludes that native workers can only partially fill potential vacancies in the sector.
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Authors: Kalantaryan, Sona; Mazza, Jacopo; Scipioni, Marco

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: JRC technical report

Subjects: Labour market; Participation; Industry
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Unobserved heterogeneity and risk in wage variance: does schooling provide earnings insurance?

We apply a recently proposed method to disentangle unobserved heterogeneity from risk in returns to education. We r... Show more
We apply a recently proposed method to disentangle unobserved heterogeneity from risk in returns to education. We replicate the original study on US men and extend to US women, UK men and German men. Most original results are not robust. A college education cannot universally be considered an insurance against unpredictabillity of wages. One conclusion is unequivocally confirmed: uncertainty strongly dominates unobserved heterogeneity.
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Authors: Mazza, Jacopo; Van Ophem, Hans; Hartog, Joop

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: United States; North America; Great Britain ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Higher education; Equity ... [+] Show more
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Caught in the cycle: economic conditions at enrollment and labor market outcomes of college graduates

We find robust evidence that cohorts of male graduates who start college during worse economic times earn higher av... Show more
We find robust evidence that cohorts of male graduates who start college during worse economic times earn higher average wages than those who start during better times. This gap is not explained by differences in selection into employment, in economic conditions at the time of college graduation, or in field of study choices. Graduates who enroll in bad times are not more positively selected based on their high-school outcomes, but they achieve higher college grades, sort into higher-paying occupations, and earn higher wages conditional on their grades. We find similar but less robust patterns for female graduates. Our results suggest that individuals who enroll during economic downturns exert more effort during their studies.
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Authors: Bicakova, Alena; Cortes, Guido Matias; Mazza, Jacopo

Date: 2020

Geographic subjects: Great Britain; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Employment; Gender; Income ... [+] Show more
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Do they understand the benefits from education?: evidence on Dutch high school students' earnings expectations

Using an internet collected dataset, we will provide some empirical evidence on the information that Dutch high sch... Show more
Using an internet collected dataset, we will provide some empirical evidence on the information that Dutch high school students possess before their decision on tertiary education participation. The sample is prone to selective participation and high attrition, but we detect little systematic effects and inconsistent reporting of probability distribution is not more frequent than in controlled settings. We find little support for patterns that one would expect from individuals having private information. Girls expect substantially lower earnings in all schooling scenarios, but implicit rate of returns do not differ from those anticipated by boys. We find no evidence of expected risk compensation.
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Authors: Mazza, Jacopo; Hartog, Joop

Corporate authors: Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany) (IZA)

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Netherlands; Europe

Resource type: Report, paper or authored book

Series name: IZA discussion paper

Subjects: Outcomes; Higher education; Participation ... [+] Show more

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Immigrant key workers: their contribution to Europe's COVID-19 response

A vulnerable workforce: migrant workers in the COVID-19 pandemic

Meeting labour demand in agriculture in times of COVID 19 pandemic

Unobserved heterogeneity and risk in wage variance: does schooling provide earnings insurance?

Caught in the cycle: economic conditions at enrollment and labor market outcomes of college graduates

Do they understand the benefits from education?: evidence on Dutch high school students' earnings expectations